Obstacles to teaching and learning

There are a variety of factors that cause irregular attendance and difficulty in attending primary school, which can lead to children dropping out of school completely including: child labour, school distance, inappropriate school infrastructure, lack of school support, children being affected by HIV. See more...

A positive school climate not only decreases student absenteeism and dropout rates, but it also has a significant incidence in primary students’ academic performance. School climate encompass all aspects related to how members of the school community perceive and experience the school. It helps reduce stereotypes, biases and discrimination inside the school, enhancing student’s learning experiences. School climate also refers to all of the institutional aspects, the interpersonal relationships established between school members, the teaching and learning practices, and safety inside the school. See more...

School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) refers to ‘acts or threats of sexual, physical or psychological violence occurring in and around schools, perpetrated as a result of gender norms and stereotypes, and enforced by an unequal power dynamic’ (UNESCO, 2016c: 13). SRGBV can take many forms, including sexual violence, sexual harassment, verbal abuse, corporal punishment, coercion, bullying, and intimate partner violence. SRGBV will be experienced differently depending on an individual’s sex, gender identity, country and context (UNESCO, 2016c). Children and adults can both be victims and perpetrators of SRGBV, and thus both students and school faculty are affected. SRGBV refers to violence committed in and around schools, so can also include incidents traveling to and from school, as well as online. See more...